History
Triangle moved from a failed mining shell into Bakken oil, raised heavily to build it, then lost its main subsidiary to Chapter 11 and faced default on a note.
2005-2009: From mining shell to shale gas hunter
Triangle began as a mining explorer. In May 2005 its former president returned 34,300,000 shares after a preliminary report found no mineralized material on its mining property, and the company switched to oil and gas under new president Mark Gustafson. At that point 19,982,530 shares were outstanding.
Funding came largely from convertible debentures, which are loans that can be swapped for shares. In 2005 it raised $6,000,000 of 8% debentures, then agreed a $15,000,000 deal with Cornell Capital and a $10,000,000 deal with two investors, Bank Sal. Oppenheim and Centrum Bank. It committed to joint developments with Hunter Energy in Colorado, Wyoming and Montana, and in 2006 agreed to buy half of Kerogen's Fayetteville Shale land in Arkansas. In February 2007 it sold 10,412,000 shares at $2.00, raising $20,824,000.
Then came trouble. In January 2008 the company said its 2006 and 2007 accounts could not be relied on, because the debenture conversion features and warrants had been wrongly accounted for. Its auditor was replaced by KPMG, and in April 2008 a second restatement increased the losses. In June 2008 Triangle raised $25,560,500 at $1.40 a unit and described itself as focused on shale gas in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In December 2008 it settled the Oppenheim/Centrum debentures by issuing 2,500,000 shares and paying $6,500,000 in cash, and it said it was debt free. In April 2009 it signed a 10-year lease over the Windsor Block in Nova Scotia, requiring seven wells by April 2014.
2010-2011: A pivot to the Bakken
The share price had fallen far. In March 2010 Triangle sold 27,993,939 shares at $0.33, raising about $9.2 million, and in July a further 2,044,187 at $0.43. Investor materials described a new focus on shale oil, with a 30% interest in about 4,000 net acres in North Dakota's Bakken play under a deal with Slawson Exploration. A November 2009 agreement with its largest shareholder, Palo Alto Investors, had restructured the board and management, and the company moved its address from Calgary to Denver.
The New York Stock Exchange cleared the shares for listing in November 2010. In March 2011 Triangle sold 16,500,000 shares at $7.50, raising about $116.8 million after costs, a very large step up from the 2010 placements.
2012-2013: Building a Bakken business
In April 2012 subsidiary Triangle USA Petroleum signed its first bank facility, a $300 million revolver with an initial borrowing base of only $10 million. In October 2012 the company formed Caliber Midstream Partners, a pipeline and water-handling venture with First Reserve's infrastructure fund, taking 30% for $30 million of cash and rights-of-way. It also bought out the remaining owners of its pressure pumping business, RockPile Energy Services, issuing 2,185,715 shares plus $609,000 in cash, and the company became a Delaware corporation.
Funding grew rapidly. In March 2013 NGP, which already held a $120 million convertible note, bought 9,300,000 shares at $6.00 for $55.8 million. In August 2013 Triangle sold 15,000,000 shares to the public at $6.25 and 11,350,000 shares at $7.20 to a TIAA affiliate, and used cash to buy about 5,620 net acres from Kodiak for $83.8 million. Shares on issue rose from 44,359,011 at the end of 2012 to 76,611,272 a year later. The bank borrowing base rose in steps from $110 million to $275 million. A restatement of the October 2012 quarter, over how RockPile's work on wells was accounted for, was announced in April 2013.
2014: Acquisitions and heavy debt
In April 2014 Triangle said its October 2013 quarter would be restated to record the fair value of its Caliber interests. In May 2014 it agreed to buy about 41,500 net acres from Marathon Oil, and the purchase closed in June for $90.5 million cash, funded by a new $60 million second-lien loan, the revolver and a capital contribution from Triangle. In November 2014 the senior revolver was restated at $1.0 billion with a borrowing base of $435 million. Shares on issue ended the year at 81,440,082.
2015-2016: Borrowing base cuts and Chapter 11
In May 2015 the borrowing base was set at $350 million and the covenants were reset. In April 2016 lenders cut it to $225 million, leaving a $125 million shortfall against $347.5 million borrowed plus $2.5 million of letters of credit. A forbearance agreement followed on May 27, 2016. On June 29, 2016 TUSA and Ranger Fabrication filed Chapter 11, though Triangle itself did not. Holders of about 73% of TUSA's 6.75% notes agreed to convert them into all of the reorganized company's equity. Triangle also adopted a rights plan to protect its tax losses. In September 2016 RockPile's assets were sold to a White Deer Energy affiliate for $58.0 million, with the proceeds going to its secured lenders and none to Triangle.
2017: Delisting and default
TUSA's plan took effect by March 24, 2017, and it was then described as a former subsidiary. On March 27 NYSE MKT began delisting Triangle and trading was suspended, with the shares expected to move to OTC Pink. On May 17, 2017 Triangle did not pay NGP's demand for $153,841,831.05 on its convertible note after a "Fundamental Change", an Event of Default that made the whole balance due. As of May 23, 2017, talks with stakeholders had produced no definitive agreements, and the company said it might have to reorganize through bankruptcy. In January 2018 it terminated the registration of a class of its securities, ending its reporting obligation for them.
Written from the 48 story beats below (2005 to 16 Jan 2018), which come from the company's own announcements and filings.