History
Mountain Province turned a 49% stake in the Gahcho Kué diamond project into a producing mine, funded by repeated share issues and debt, and later leaned on its largest shareholder.
2006-2008: Gathering the stake
Mountain Province Diamonds set out to develop the Gahcho Kué diamond project in Canada's north, run by De Beers, which held 51%. In July 2006 it bought about 33.5% of its venture partner Camphor Ventures by issuing 1,944,868 shares, lifting shares outstanding from 53,630,847 to 55,575,715. It then bid for the rest of Camphor. Over 90% accepted, and compulsory acquisition of the remainder closed on 19 June 2007, giving the company 100% of Camphor and so 49% of the venture.
The work was slow. A 2006 bulk sampling program (large-diameter drilling to pull out test stone) failed, and the board said it was deeply concerned. The 2007 drilling of 26 holes into the Tuzo kimberlite pipe, a diamond-bearing rock body, raised the operator's volume estimate for it by 17%. An environmental review was set to run to mid-2009. The record for 2008 is quiet apart from a strategic review begun in June.
2009-2011: A new deal and a feasibility study
In May 2009 a new estimate put 50.5 million carats in the indicated category and 10.3 million as inferred. In July the company signed a revised joint venture agreement with De Beers, ending the strategic review. Sunk costs to the end of 2008 were capped at C$120M, and the company owed De Beers C$59M on a schedule tied to the study, permits and production. It also took on the full cost of a feasibility study. The 2009 audit report carried a going-concern qualification, meaning doubt about its ability to keep operating.
JDS Energy and Mining began the study in September 2009. The final version, in October 2010, showed an after-tax return of 20.7% including sunk costs, initial capital of C$549.5M, and a first reserve of 49.0 million carats. A November 2010 placement of 4.6 million shares at C$5 raised about C$23M, with Dermot Desmond, the largest shareholder, taking 600,000. The environmental impact statement was submitted in December 2010 and accepted in August 2011.
2012-2013: Spin-out, deep drilling and approvals
The 2011 accounts again carried a going-concern note. In July 2012 the company spun its Kennady North exploration ground, with C$3 million in cash, into a separate company, Kennady Diamonds, one share for every five held. A $47 million rights offering in November 2012 funded its share of the 2013 budget. Holders took up 80.65%, and Desmond's vehicle Bottin covered the rest.
Deep drilling found Tuzo's kimberlite continuing well below 350 metres. The July 2013 update raised indicated resources 12% to 56.6 million carats and inferred resources 80% to 18.5 million. The review board recommended approval in July, the federal minister approved in October, and a pioneer land use permit followed on 3 December 2013. The partners began updating the feasibility study.
2014-2017: Funding and building the mine
The revised study in April 2014 priced the remaining build at C$858.5 million. The final major permits arrived by September 2014. In October the company raised C$100 million at C$5.00 a share, taking shares outstanding to 135,204,550. A US$370 million seven-year bank loan needed a cost-overrun facility first, so a C$95 million rights offering in March 2015 was oversubscribed. That took shares to 158,966,333, and the loan closed in April 2015.
First diamonds were recovered on 30 June 2016, and commercial production began on 2 March 2017. Recovered grade ran above the reserve grade, at 2.05 carats per tonne in 2017. In December 2017 the company replaced the bank loan with US$330 million of 8.0% second lien notes due December 2022, plus a US$50 million first lien revolving facility. Chief executive Patrick Evans was no longer in the role, and David Whittle was interim chief executive.
2018-2019: Buying back Kennady
In April 2018 the company bought Kennady Diamonds back in an all-share deal at 0.975 of its shares per Kennady share, leaving its own holders with 76% of the combined company. Shares on issue rose from about 160 million at the end of 2017 to about 210 million a year later. The deal brought in the Kelvin deposit and the Faraday cluster. A non-binding memorandum with De Beers on bringing these into the joint venture was never shown as concluded. In August 2018 it declared its first dividend, 4 Canadian cents a share. Exploration found more kimberlite near the pits, including the new Wilson body in June 2019.
2020-2022: Covid and a lender-shareholder
In February 2020 the company left Nasdaq, after its share price stayed below US$1, and kept trading in Toronto. Covid-19 closed Antwerp, where it sells all its diamonds, in March. It wrote C$115.8 million off the mine's carrying value, although 2019 grade was 1.90 carats per tonne, and banks relaxed covenants on the undrawn revolver. In June it agreed to sell US$50 million of diamonds to Dunebridge, owned by Desmond.
In May and September 2021 the board formally found the company in serious financial difficulty to justify related-party loans from Dunebridge. A US$33 million term loan was repaid in September. In March 2022 a US$50 million junior loan from Desmond closed after 87% of disinterested shareholders approved it, with warrants over 41,000,000 shares at US$0.60975. The March 2022 technical report put reserves at 42.6 million carats and its 49% share at C$1,233 million pre-tax present value. At 1 December 2022 the second lien notes were still due that month, and drilling had found a Hearne Northwest Extension that might be mined underground.
Written from the 71 story beats below (2006 to 1 Dec 2022), which come from the company's own announcements and filings.