History
A roll-up of oil and gas properties built on debt and new units collapsed under falling prices into two Chapter 11 bankruptcies, ending as private Grizzly Energy, LLC in 2019.
2007-2009: A new company starts buying
Vanguard began as a newly public upstream MLP (a partnership that owns oil and gas properties). Its first major deal, agreed in December 2007, was Permian Basin properties from Apache Corporation. It closed on January 31, 2008 at an adjusted $73.4 million, funded by its credit facility. The properties had 5.1 million barrels of oil equivalent of proved reserves, and Vanguard put in place oil swaps (fixed-price hedges) covering about 90% of expected oil output through 2011.
In July 2008 it bought South Texas gas properties from a Lewis Energy Group affiliate for an adjusted $51.4 million, paid as $30.0 million cash and 1,350,873 units. In November 2008 it said its hedge paperwork did not meet the technical standard for hedge accounting, and it restated its first- and second-quarter 2008 results. A second Lewis purchase followed in August 2009 at an adjusted $50.5 million, funded by credit facility borrowings and a public offering of 3.5 million units. A further $55 million Permian purchase closed in December 2009.
2010-2011: Buying the Encore stake
In May 2010 Vanguard closed its largest deal yet, an adjusted $114.6 million of producing properties in Mississippi, Texas and New Mexico. It was paid for with about $71.5 million of net proceeds from an equity offering plus credit facility borrowings. In November 2010 it agreed to buy Denbury Resources' stake in Encore Energy Partners, the general partner and a 46% unit position, for $380 million, financed with a new term loan and credit facility borrowings. That closed on January 3, 2011.
In July 2011 Vanguard agreed to merge with Encore fully, giving each remaining Encore unit 0.75 Vanguard units; up to 19,119,406 new units could be issued, diluting existing holders. A larger credit facility, with a $765 million borrowing base, was lined up for the merger.
2012-2014: The big acquisition run
In April 2012 Vanguard raised $350 million in its first public bond offering, 7.875% senior notes due 2020, repaying its second-lien term loan and some credit facility debt. Deals then came in quick succession: $445 million of Arkoma Basin shale gas assets from Antero Resources (agreed June 2012); Piceance and Wyoming gas assets from Bill Barrett Corporation, closed at an adjusted $328.8 million; and Permian assets from Range Resources, closed at an adjusted $268.8 million in April 2013. Both were funded by credit facility borrowing. A Montana Bakken purchase for $131.0 million was also agreed in November 2012.
In June 2013 it issued its first preferred units, 2.52 million at $25 each, raising about $60.8 million to pay down debt. The biggest deal came in January 2014, when it closed the Pinedale and Jonah field purchase in Wyoming at an adjusted $549.1 million, again funded with credit facility borrowing. In May 2014 the facility was expanded to a $1.525 billion borrowing base. Later in 2014 it closed Hunt Oil's North Louisiana and East Texas assets at $274.7 million, partly funded by selling common and preferred units, and a second Bill Barrett deal for an adjusted $508.7 million, which lifted the borrowing base to $2.0 billion.
2015-2016: Mergers as prices fall
In April and May 2015 Vanguard agreed to acquire two other MLPs for units: LRR Energy (about $539 million including assumed debt) and Eagle Rock Energy Partners (about $614 million). The same June, lenders cut the borrowing base from $2.0 billion to $1.6 billion. Both mergers closed in October 2015, and units on issue rose from 83.6 million at the end of 2014 to 130.5 million at the end of 2015.
The balance sheet then tightened. In February 2016 it swapped $168.2 million of its senior notes for $75.6 million of new second-lien notes. It sold its Oklahoma SCOOP/STACK assets for an adjusted $272.5 million in May 2016, using the proceeds to repay the credit facility. Yet the borrowing base fell to $1.325 billion that month, with a new default trigger if liquidity fell below $50 million. In October 2016 it skipped a roughly $15 million interest payment on its 2020 notes, using the grace period; lenders then waived the liquidity covenant breach so it could pay interest on its 2020 notes and its December 2019 notes. In November the base was cut again to $1.1 billion, leaving a deficiency of about $187.3 million that the company said its cash flow could not cover.
2017: First bankruptcy
On February 2, 2017 Vanguard filed for Chapter 11 with a support agreement from noteholders under which senior noteholders would receive 97% of the reorganized equity and second-lien holders new notes of about $75.6 million. In March it lined up $255.75 million of new equity financing through a rights offering backstopped by senior noteholders. In May a subsidiary sold much of its Glasscock County, Texas properties for $102,150,040 after an auction. The court confirmed the plan on July 18, and the company emerged on August 1, 2017 as Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc. Old unitholders received warrants on August 9. Units on issue fell from about 131 million to 20.1 million by the end of 2017.
2018-2019: A second bankruptcy
The record is quiet until December 2018, when the borrowing base was cut to $682.4 million, leaving only about $21 million of liquidity; the company said it was pursuing property sales and exploring refinancing or restructuring. On March 31, 2019 it filed for Chapter 11 again, seeking $65 million of debtor-in-possession financing from Citibank. In May lenders agreed to convert their debt into new common and preferred stock. The court confirmed the plan in July, and on July 16, 2019 the company emerged as a Delaware LLC named Grizzly Energy, LLC, with a new Citibank exit facility made up of a $65 million revolver, a $65 million Term Loan A and a $285 million Term Loan B. It deregistered its securities, ending its SEC reporting obligations, with a further deregistration recorded on October 17, 2019. As of that date it was no longer publicly traded.
Written from the 67 story beats below (2007 to 17 Oct 2019), which come from the company's own announcements and filings.