History
Bonanza Creek grew from a Colorado oil producer through bankruptcy and a string of mergers into Civitas Resources, then merged into SM Energy in January 2026.
2014-2015: Buying into Weld County and raising cash
The record opens in 2014 with Bonanza Creek, the company that later became Civitas, buying oil and gas properties in Weld County, Colorado from DJ Resources, LLC. The deal was announced in May at up to $225.5 million. It closed on July 8, 2014 for $174.2 million in cash and 853,492 new shares priced at $45.42, fewer shares than first announced. Ten days later the company sold $300 million of 5.75% senior notes due 2023, raising about $293.7 million, partly to repay its revolving credit facility.
In February 2015 it sold 8,050,000 new shares at $25.21 each, raising about $202.6 million to repay the revolver again. That is well below the $45.42 used in the acquisition. Shares on issue rose from about 41.3 million at the end of 2014 to about 49.8 million at the end of 2015. In November 2015 it agreed to sell its midstream subsidiary, Rocky Mountain Infrastructure, to Meritage Midstream Services IV for up to $255 million.
2016-2017: Squeezed lenders and Chapter 11
The Meritage sale was cancelled by mutual agreement in February 2016, and Meritage owed a $6 million fee. In March the company drew $209 million on its revolver. In May the lenders cut the borrowing base from $475 million to $200 million, against $288 million drawn. In October it was cut again to $150 million, leaving a new shortfall of about $50 million.
The NYSE warned twice that the share price had averaged below $1.00. In August the company deferred a roughly $8.6 million interest payment on its 2023 notes, then paid it within the 30-day grace period.
On December 23, 2016 it signed a restructuring support agreement with holders of about 51% of its notes. It then filed a prepackaged Chapter 11 in Delaware on January 4, 2017. The plan converted about $800 million of senior notes into equity and added a $200 million backstopped rights offering. An ad hoc shareholder committee holding 34% proposed an alternative that went nowhere, then settled its objections. The court confirmed the plan on April 7, 2017, and the 49,669,026 existing shares were to be cancelled. Holders who did not opt out of releases would share 4.5% of the new stock plus warrants. Revolver lenders were paid in full in cash, plus a share of an Exit facility of about $191.6 million. Shares on issue fell to about 20.5 million at the end of 2017.
2017-2019: A failed sale and a new credit line
On November 14, 2017 the company agreed to be acquired by SandRidge Energy for $19.20 in cash plus SandRidge shares worth $16.80 per share. SandRidge's board concluded it could not win its own shareholders' approval, and the deal was mutually terminated on December 28, 2017 with no break fees. The company said it would continue independently. The record then goes quiet until December 2018, when it replaced its KeyBank facility with a new JPMorgan-led one. This had $750 million of commitments and a $350 million initial borrowing base, with $50 million drawn at closing.
2020-2021: HighPoint, Extraction and Crestone Peak
In June 2020 the lenders cut the borrowing base from $375 million to $260 million and tightened terms. In November 2020 the company agreed to acquire HighPoint Resources, exchanging HighPoint's $625 million of notes for 9,314,214 new shares and up to $100 million of new notes. HighPoint went through a prepackaged Chapter 11, which the court confirmed on March 18, 2021. The deal closed on April 1, 2021, and the credit facility was expanded to $1,000 million of commitments with a $500 million borrowing base.
On May 9, 2021 it agreed a merger of equals with Extraction Oil & Gas. A month later it agreed to buy Crestone Peak for 22,500,000 new shares. In October it sold $400 million of 5.000% notes due 2026, with the proceeds to repay Crestone Peak's credit facility borrowings and some of its own. Both deals closed on November 1, 2021, and the company was renamed Civitas Resources. Former Bonanza Creek holders owned about 37%, former Extraction holders 37% and Crestone Peak's holder 26%. Shares on issue rose from about 20.8 million to about 84.6 million over 2021.
2022-2024: Cash deals and Permian expansion
In March 2022 Civitas bought Bison Oil & Gas II for $160 million cash. In April it raised its borrowing base to $1.7 billion and said it would redeem the $100 million of 7.50% notes issued in the HighPoint deal. In January 2023 it bought back 4,918,032 shares from CPP Investments (the Crestone Peak holder) at $61.00 each, about $300 million.
In June 2023 it signed two deals: Hibernia Energy III for $2.25 billion cash, and Tap Rock Resources for $1.5 billion cash plus 13,538,472 new shares. It funded them partly with $2.7 billion of notes, 8.375% due 2028 and 8.750% due 2031. Both closed on August 2, 2023, and the credit facility's borrowing base rose to $3.0 billion. In October it agreed to buy Vencer Energy's Texas properties for $2.15 billion, including 7,289,515 new shares and up to $550 million cash due January 3, 2025. It sold $1.0 billion of 8.625% notes due 2030 to help pay. The deal closed on January 2, 2024 with 7,181,527 new shares, a lower count the filings do not explain.
2025-2026: Merger into SM Energy
The record is quiet for most of 2024. In June 2025 Civitas sold $750 million of 9.625% notes due 2033 to repay part of its credit facility borrowings. On November 2, 2025 it agreed to merge into SM Energy, with each Civitas share converting into 1.45 SM Energy shares. US antitrust clearance came in December, and Civitas holders were to own about 52% of the combined company. Kimmeridge agreed to vote in favour.
Both companies' stockholders approved the deal on January 27, 2026, and it closed on January 30, 2026. Civitas ceased to exist, its directors and officers left, the JPMorgan credit facility was repaid and terminated, and its stock stopped trading on the NYSE. It deregistered with the SEC on February 10, 2026. The record does not show what happened to the company's senior notes or the $550 million Vencer payment, nor the outcome of shareholder lawsuits over the merger filed in January 2026.
Written from the 57 story beats below (2014 to 10 Feb 2026), which come from the company's own announcements and filings.